The Art of Electronics

Index (partial: "C" entries only)

C, 678, 714f.
cabinet, 854
cable between instruments, 457ff.
  coax, 603, 879ff.
  coax driver, 610ff.
  current-sinking driver, 606
  differential drive, 604ff.
  driving, 599ff., 603
  ECL driver, 611
  flat ribbon, 712, 837
  mass termination, 712
  ribbon, 603, 609, 712
  trapezoidal drive, 605
  twisted pair, 603, 605, 609
  Twist-'n-flat, 712
cable diagrams, RS-232, 726
cache 
  disk, 718
  memory, 675ff., 813
CAD (Computer-Aided Design), 833ff., 848
  IC design (ASICs), 851
  Multiwire, automatic, 849f.
  PC board, 844
  programs, hierarchical, 842
  Wire-Wrap, automatic, 849
CAD/CAM, 842ff.
CAE, 908f.
cage, card, 854
calendar clock (see also clock, calendar), 760, 978ff.
CAMAC crate, 855
capacitance (see also capacitor)
  causes dynamic current, 973
  of coaxial cable, 880
  of diode junction, 865f.
  effective, 970
  elimination by tuned circuit, 882
  feedback, 102ff., 864ff., 906, 910f., 950
  of FET, 142, 146ff.
  interelectrode, 864ff.
  inter-winding, 918f.
  junction, 102ff.
  loading causes failure, 974
  Miller, 102ff., 864ff.
  MOSFET gate, 161ff.
  multiplier, 305
  power dissipation, 970
  of shielded cable, 135
  transistor, 864ff.
capacitive 
  coupling, 970
  loading, 221, 413f., 467, 768, 974
  logic load, 555
capacitor (see also capacitance), 20ff.
  in ADC, 627
  blocking, 36
  bypass, 42, 50, 310f., 366, 554, 555, 579, 600, 836, 962
  chip, 902
  compensation, 407
  coupling, 70, 456
  current in, 23
  dielectric absorption, 220, 627
  differential equation for, 23
  discharge, 23f.
  double-layer, 820, 934
  energy in, 970
  feedthrough, 883, 902
  filter, 42, 329f.
  flying, 153, 359, 377ff., 420, 804, 943, 983
  in frequency domain, 24, 30ff.
  hold, 393
  in isolation amplifier, 464
  leakage compensation, 394
  load, 221, 413f., 467, 768, 974
  low leakage, 396
  memory effect, 220, 627
  microphone, 1002ff.
  neutralizing, 869
  parallel, 21f.
  power in, 33
  reactance (graph), 37
  reactance of, 32
  speedup, 64, 231, 579, 908
  in time domain, 23
  timing, 42
  transducer, 1002ff.
  types of, 21
  variable, 58
capacitors (box), 22
card (see also circuit board, PC board)
  breadboard, 712
  cage, 852, 855
  connections between, 601f.
  edge connector, 56
  ejector PC card, 852
  PC board, density, 837
  prototype, 828
carpet shock, 170
carriage return (CR), 720
carrier, 892f.
CAS, 813ff.
cascaded RC filter, 264f.
cascode, 79, 103, 868, 913, 950
  in JFET current source, 128f.
  in Wilson mirror, 89
Cauer filter, 271
causality, 39
CCD, 998ff.
CD ROM, 676
center-tapped rectifier, 47
centrifugal blower, 857
Centronics, 713f., 730t
  parallel port, 730ff., 730t
Cerenkov detector, 1011
Cesium frequency standard, 303, 885, 1017
channel, 113ff.
channel plate, 999f.
character buffer, 691
  control, 720
character generator, 816
character-serial interface, 736ff.
characters, lost, 690
charge 
  balancing ADC, 625ff.
  coupled device (CCD), 998ff.
  gate, 162f.
  injection, 148, 396, 417, 638
  integrating meter, 640
  transfer, 396
chassis, 857
Chebyshev filter, 269ff.
checksum, 559
chips, support, 744ff.
Chirp/Z transform, 1037
choke, 883
chopper amplifier, 415ff.
  noise, 416f.
  saturation in, 417
chopper stabilized op-amp, 400f., 415ff.
circuitboard (see also card, PC board)
  prototype, 712, 828
circuit density, PC board, 837
circulator, 887
clamp, 49ff., 221, 258, 319f., 548, 571f., 578, 1039
  Baker, 908
  chopper amplifier, 417
  in CMOS logic, 157, 571f.
  with voltage divider, 50
class A amplifier, 92
class A current, 156, 969
  in low-power oscillator, 967
cleaning PC board, 840
clipping, 70, 157, 182
clock
  feedthrough, 283, 416f.
  frequency, minimum, 975
  real-time, 690
  refresh, 812ff.
  skew, 552f., 555, 974
clock, calendar, 760, 771, 978ff.
  interface, 771
  micropower, 968f.
  real-time, 690
clock frequency, CPU, 759f., 767
clocked latch (see latch, edge triggered)
closed-loop gain, 233
CMOS, 484ff., 802
  characteristics, 486f.
  CPU, 764, 975ff., 976t
  EPROM, 979
  555 equivalent, 967
  4000-series, 568f., 967
  high-speed, 569ff.
  latchup, 150
  linear amplifier, 156f.
  linear switch, 142ff.
  microprocessor, 764, 975ff., 976t
  op-amp, 959
  peripheral, 977
  PLD, 538f.
  power consumption faults, 973ff.
  powered by photovoltaics, 933
  powered via input, 556
  poysilicon gate, 973
  problems with, 554ff., 973ff.
  protection network, 150, 171
  quiescent current, 154ff.
  relaxation oscillator, 967
  replacements for NMOS, 974
  switch, 142ff., 951
  unused inputs, 580
CMOS logic
  compatible with TTL, 970
  families, 969f.
  keeping low power, 970ff.
coax connector, 55f.
  isolated, 459
code
  ASCII (see ASCII)
  converter, 497
  function, 756
  gray, 477f., 480
  machine, 750
  position-independent, 750
  pulse, 900ff.
cold boot, 977
cold switching, 64, 494, 860
collector 
  bootstrapping load resistor, 97
  to emitter breakdown voltage, 74
  open, 487f.
color code, 1053
Colpitts oscillator, 297
column address strobe (CAS), 813ff.
combinational logic, 478ff., 490
common-base amplifier, 103, 868
common-emitter amplifier, 76f., 82ff.
  biasing, 84f.
  input impedance, 85
common-mode, 98
  interference cancellation, 460f.
  range, 190f., 867
  rejection ratio (CMRR), 402, 421ff.
communication
  ASCII interface, 803f.
  methods, 892ff.
  power-switched, 965
  synchronous, 806
commutating auto-zero (CAZ), 419f.
Compact disc (CDs), 472, 901f.
comparator, 101, 229ff., 561t, 577ff., 580ff., 584t, 962, 966t
  with active pullup, 965
  address, 685
  differential amplifier as, 102
  FET input, 582
  hysteresis with, 581f.
  input properties, 581f.
  magnitude, 499, 561t
  micropower, 581, 965, 966t
  noise in, 581
  output circuit, 580f.
  power-switched, 965, 968
  programmable, 965
  single supply, 580f.
  speed, 582
  supply voltage, 580f.
  window, 669
compensation 
  diode, 888
  dominant-pole, 245f.
  of feedback amplifiers, 176
  frequency, 242ff., 946, 965
  op-amp, 242ff., 946, 964
  pole-zero, 247
  thermocouple, 989ff.
compiler, 715
  library, 715
complement, 509
  nine's, 499
complex number, 1050ff.
complex representation, 31f.
compliance (see also current source), 9, 73f., 75, 110
component
  library, 842
  pads, 835
  placement, 842
  unreliable, 858
component side, 833
computer
  block diagram, 674
  bus, 678, 709t
  portable, 978
computer-aided design (see also CAD), 833
computer-aided engineering (CAE), 908f.
condenser (see capacitor)
conditional instruction, 683
conditional loop, 790f.
conductance, 7, 79
conductor widths, PC board, 841
connection
  gas-tight, 838
  soldered, 829
  Wire-Wrapped, 829
connector
  banana, 55
  BNC, 55f.
  card-edge, 56, 834, 838, 852f.
  coax, 55f.
  D, 56
  dual readout, 828
  F,, 56
  isolated, 459
  LEMO, 56
  mass termination, 712, 837
  MHV, 56
  multipin, 56
  N, 56
  PC board, various, 852
  PC edge, 828
  phono, 56
  pin, 55
  reliability of, 858
  SMA, 56, 873
  TNC, 55f.
  Wire-Wrap pin, 852
  XLR, 1005
contact, bifurcated, 838
contact pressure, 838
control 
  character, 720
  shut-down, 978, 983
control panel, remote, 799
  switch table, 797
control-C, 720
controller, 975, 976t
  CMOS, 976t
  dedicated, 774
  DMA, 702f.
  temperature, 105
control-Q handshake, 726
convective cooling, 856
converter errors, 614
Cooley-Tukey FFT, 1037f.
cooling, air, 855, 857
  convective, 856
COPS, 968
core, 675
corner-pin power, 553
correlator, 498
counter, 496, 524ff., 563t
  BCD, 524
  binary, 522
  cascading, 544f.
  with display, 525
  divide-by-n, 511
  divide-by-2, 510
  divide-by-3, 513f.
  down, 548
  event, 512
  frequency, 512, 542, 556, 558, 1019ff.
  hexadecimal, 524
  instruction, 675
  jam-load, 545
  with latch, 525
  modulo-n, 524, 544ff., 548, 641ff.
  period, 1020ff.
  program, 675
  reciprocal, 1020f.
  ripple, 511f., 524
  synchronous, 512, 524, 544f.
  with three-state outputs, 525
  timing, 545f.
  timing with, 522
  up/down, 514, 524
coupler
  acoustic, 727
  hybrid, 728
coupling, capacitive, 70, 456, 970
CPU (see also microprocessor), 675, 822t, 976t
  clock frequency, 759f., 767
  CMOS, 764
  defined, 673
  register, 679f.
crash, 823
crate, 854
CRC, 735
crest factor, 454
cross-assembler, microprocessor, 821
cross-coupled input stage, 408
cross regulation, 367
cross-triggering, 825
crossover distortion, 92ff., 411f.
crosstalk, 148
crowbar
  modular, 319
  overvoltage, 311f., 317ff., 366f., 389, 771, 931
crowbarring, 156, 599, 970
crystal 
  integral, 968
  tuning fork, 968
crystal oscillator, 157
  startup, 975, 977
  temperature stability in, 968
CSMA/CD, 735f.
CUPL, 530ff.
current 
  bias, cancellation of, 111
  in capacitor, 23
  class A, 156, 967, 969
  as complex number, 31f.
  defined, 2
  dynamic, 156, 569f., 971
  dynamic, due to capacitance, 973
  gain, 107
  gate, 135ff.
  hogging, 122
  impact ionization, 137
  input ADCs, 629
  inrush, 364, 367, 940f.
  leakage, 136, 971
  limit, 166f., 309, 316f., 940f.
  loop, ASCII, 723
  loop, industrial, 919, 934, 937f.
  mirror (see also current mirror), 111, 953
  noise, 436ff.
  op-amp input, 964
  through PC boards, 841
  pin-selectable, 953, 955
  quiescent, 154ff., 983
  rail-to-rail, 156, 351f., 967
  regulator (see current regulator)
  relay, 934, 937
  sensing, 379ff., 388, 555
  signal, 933ff.
  sinking cable driver, 606
  source (see current mirror, current source)
  spikes, 554, 599
  spy, 555
  static drain, 569
  telephone, 919, 934ff.
  transfer ratio (CTR), 596
  transients, 599ff.
  valley, 968
  to voltage converter, 184
  zero with power down, 975, 977
current gain, small signal, 67
current limit, 166f., 309, 316f., 940f.
current mirror, 88ff., 105, 111
  active load, 101
  current ratios in, 89ff.
  Early effect in, 88f.
  limitations of, 88ff.
  Wilson mirror, 89
current monitor, 242, 253, 388
current regulator, 129t, 379ff.
  diode, 125ff., 129t, 288, 379
current-sensing resistor, 971, 974
current sink (see current source)
current source (see also current mirror), 9, 252, 254f., 257f.,
    261, 354, 379ff., 386, 388
  active load, 87
  biasing of, 73
  bipolarity, 182
  compliance, 73, 75, 110, 182
  deficiencies of, 74
  in differential amplifier, 100
  FET, 124ff.
  Howland, 182
  impedance of, 66, 128
  improved with feedback, 176
  op-amp, 180ff.
  oscillation in, 298ff.
  precision, 468
  programmable, 72,  74,  88, 469
  resistor as, 72
  transistor, 72, 129
  V_BE-referenced, 76
current-spy resistor, 971, 974
current transients, DRAM, 815f.
cut-and-try, 650, 903
cutoff frequency, 267
cycle time, memory, 813ff.